The Reading Process

Stage One: Pre-Reading Overview
Before reading, students should familiarize themselves with the text by surveying the selection's features: the head-note, title, headings, images, and/or figures. Effective pre-reading strategies include the following: considering the implications of the title; anticipating the selection's subject, content, and purpose; predicting and/or questioning the selections focus or purpose; and articulating an individual purpose for reading the selection.

Stage Two: Developing Understanding After Reading
After reading the selection once for sense and pleasure, students should re-read and annotate the selection to develop comprehension of the text's effects, mechanisms, and techniques. Effective strategies for developing understanding after re-reading include: restating the main idea, relating supporting examples and details to the main idea, describing how the organization of the selection supports the main idea, and explaining the conclusion or purpose of the selection.

Stage Three: Reviewing and Responding
After previewing, reading, re-reading, and annotating the selection, students engage in the final stage of the reading process when they review, reflect upon, and respond to the selection. Effective strategies for reviewing and responding to a work include: responding to the selection's main idea; defending or refuting (implicitly or explicitly) an example or passage from the selection; responding to or adopting the selection's development, organization, style, and/or tone; developing, interpreting, and/or questioning the selection's conclusion or purpose.

Guidelines for Integrating a Reading Instruction Module into Standard Curriculum

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Envisioning the Module:

A valuable opportunity for integrating reading instruction occurs early in the semester, often the first day of class. Introducing a primary text to a class could be a productive teaching moment, if we're willing to do more than simply hold up the text and remind each student to find the correct edition. Early instruction on the value of reading and the stages of the reading process emphasize the importance of effective reading for successful performance in the course. By modeling the stages of the reading process and providing opportunities for students to practice those stages, instructors familiarize students with the text, provide students with strategies for managing the reading workload, and engage students in the introductory content of the course.

Creating the Module:

  • Choose one reading selection from your primary text and develop three assignments that require your students to apply each of the three stages of the reading process (pre-reading, reading for comprehension, and reviewing/responding). You may be assigning similar assignments already. If so, instead of creating three entirely new assignments, it may be more convenient to adapt assignments you already use so that they conform to the requirements of this module.
  • Each item on the Reading Module Rubric should be represented in the assignment descriptions or directions. So, for example, the Stage One: Pre-Reading assignment should elicit the student's performance of the following pre-reading skills:
  • Create one assignment corresponding to each stage of the reading process, using the items from the rubric to guide the assignment description or directions.
  • The first assignment MUST be completed by the student AFTER pre-reading but BEFORE reading the selection.
  • The second assignment MUST be completed by the student AFTER they've read (and comprehended, hopefully) the assigned selection.
  • The third assignment MUST be a written response to the reading selection.

Assigning the Module:

  • The Reading Module may or may not be a graded assignment in your class. Some professors grade the module assignments to provide extra motivation for their students to succeed. Others do not.
  • You may assign the module any time prior to the last week of class. Since ENGL 1101 is a writing class, many professors assign the reading module early in the semester (often the first week) in order to provide the foundation in effective reading that is required for effective writing.
 
Updated:11-17-2011
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